Tie Dye is thought to have begun long around 5,000 years ago in India where they would take clothing that they made, and stamp it using different natural stains. There are even recorded documents that show the cloth used to wrap mummies in around 1,000 B.C. were found in dye form with different patterns. These are not exactly the same ways and techniques used to dye clothing and other fabric now a days, but history has shown that tie dye was not first popular in the 60's with "hippies." Today we take artificial dyes on our cotton shirts, and fold and twist them to curtain shapes, then use those dyes to create different repeated patterns throughout the shirt. But not just India and other European countries first used tie dye, in Africa many villagers took the clothing and would then tie dye it with patterns by using twigs and grass and even beads. tie dyeing is still a popular form of fashion used currently to this day, even advancing. But what a lot of people forget about is the Chemistry behind all this stylish fashion!!!!!
The Science of Tie Dye:
Fiber reactive dyes that bond to materials like our shirts(cotton),first attach to the cellulose fibers by connecting through a covelant bond. These molecules carry something called chromophore which absorb a variety of spectrum's of light, which allow those spectrum's to reflect. Covalent bonds are possibly one of the most basic yet strongest types of chemical reactions that occur. By presoaking the fabric it raises the PH level of the garment to around 10.5. By doing this we are raising the level of negative hydrogen ions. After the dye bonding with the fabric for about 24 hours, the bonding site on the cellulose are then saturated by dye molecules.
How Dyes Get Their Color:
Dyes that are used in everyday thing, like; hair coloring, food coloring, plastic coloring, etc.... Those dyes are aromatic organic compounds, and based on the structure of benzene. Color is not able to be seen by everything, such as some animals and insects. Only humans and some animals have the ability to see what we know as "color." Colors are wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation that can be detected from other wavelengths Infa-Red and Ultra-Violet rays are different wavelength mixtures of white light, and normal daylight. We only respond to wavelengths that are between 400-700 nm.
Procedure:
* Mix Sodium Carbonate and water into a bucket and let it sit overnight or longer.
*Soak the T-Shirt in the sodium carbonate and water overnight
*Take the shirt out of NaCa and H2O and squeez out excess
*Fold the shirt in half, then spin from the area of the arm pit.
*Dye your shirt with what ever pattern you have chosen for this lab(Spider Pattern)
*Put shirt inside a plastic bag and leave be for 12-24 hours
*Once the dye has soaked for 12-24 hoyurs, rinse out excess dye
*Wash shirt by it's self in warm or hot water
*Put on Shirt
Links: http://www.tie-dye.us/tie-dye-history.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tie-dye http://www.dharmatrading.com/techniques/tiedye/fiber-reactive-dye.html http://www.docott.com/files.141/labs.exams/tie.dye.htm http://stainsfile.info/StainsFile/dyes/dyecolor.htm
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